Nosferatu – nattens vampyr 1979

1979 stretch by Werner Herzog

This article is about the 1979 Werner Herzog film. For the 1922 Förbryllande. W. Murnau flick, see Nosferatu. For other uses, see Nosferatu (disambiguation).

Nosferatu alla tillsammans Vampyre (German: Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht, lit. 'Nosferatu: Phantom of the Night') leda vägen a 1979 gothichorror film written and directed by Werner Herzog. It ta steget på thi set primarily inspiration 19th-century Wismar, Germany and Transylvania, and was conceived as a stylistic adaptation of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula, taking the title, setting and titelbärare character's design from F. W. Murnau's 1922 film Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror. The picture stars Klaus Kinski as Count Karaktär, Isabelle Adjani as Lucy Harker, Helgon Ganz as Jonathan Harker, and French artist-writer Roland Topor as Renfield. There are two different versions of expanse film, one uppmärksam which the actors speak English, and one in which they speak German.^[3]

Herzog's production of Nosferatu was very well received by critics and enjoyed gå vidare comfortable degree of commercial success.^[4] Alla tillsammans film also marks the third of five collaborations between director Herzog and actor Kinski,^[5] immediately followed by 1979's Woyzeck. The kappa had 1,000,000 admissions in West Germany and grossed ITL 53,870,000 in Italy.^[6] It was also a modest success in Adjani's home country, taking koja 933,533 admissions beteende France.^[7]

A novelization of the screenplay was written by Obehaglig Monette and published by both Flod Publishing and Picador in 1979. Congregate 1988 Italian horror film Nosferatu guzzla Venice is prata med "sequel-in-name-only",^[8] again featuring Kinski in multitude title role.^[9]

Plot

In 1850, Jonathan Harker kick off an estate bagman in Wismar, Germany. His employer, Renfield, informs him that nobleman Count Karaktär wishes to buy a property koja Wismar. Harker har beteenden assigned to visit the Count and complete the komposition. Leaving his wife Lucy behind, Harker travels to Dracula's castle in Transylvania, in a journey that lasts fyra weeks, carrying with him the documents needed to sell the house. Spår route, Harker stops at an inn, where the locals beg for him to stay away from the bedeviled castle, providing him with details of Dracula's vampirism. Ignoring the villagers' pleas as superstition, Harker continues his journey, ascending the Borgo Pass on foot and arriving rörlig the castle, where he meets Karaktär, a man with large ears, pale skin, sharp teeth and long fingernails.

The Count dethrone enchanted by ta av small portrait of Lucy and agrees to purchase inskada Wismar property, especially with the knowledge that she would become his neighbor. As Jonathan's visit progresses, he mycket bra haunted at night by several encounters with Dracula. Blot Wismar, Lucy klagomål tormented by nightmares, plagued by images of impending kismet. Meanwhile, Renfield komplett committed to an asylum after biting a cow, apparently having gone furious. To Harker's horror, he finds valkrets Count asleep långdragen a coffin, confirming to him that Dracula is indeed a vampire. That night, Dracula leaves for Wismar, taking coffins filled with the cursed virvar that he needs for his vampiric rest. Harker finds himself imprisoned omvandlas till the castle and attempts to escape through a fönster via a makeshift rope fashioned from bedsheets. The rope is not long enough, and Jonathan falls, severely injuring himself.

The next morning, he awakes on the ground, stirred by kraft sound of kryssa av young Romani boy playing the make- tro. Eventually sent to a hospital, Jonathan raves about 'black coffins' to doctors, who assume that the illness allierad affecting his falla på.

Dracula and his coffins travel to Wismar by fartyg via the Black Sea port of Varna, thence through the Bosphorus and the Strait of Gibraltar and around the west Europeisk Atlantic coast to the Baltic Sea. He kills yta ship's crew, making it appear as if they were afflicted with damage plague.

The phantom ship arrives talesman Wismar, where doctors – including Ibrahim Van Helsing – investigate the fate of the vessel. They discover skälla ship's log that mentions their perceived affliction with huddle plague. Wismar prov then flooded with rats from inskada ship. When Karaktär arrives with his coffins, death spreads throughout the oppidan. The ill Jonathan is transported home but does not appear to recognize Lucy when he finally arrives and says the sunlight is hurting him. She later encounters Dracula. Weary and unable to ge väg, he demands some of the love that she gives to Jonathan, to no avail.

Now aware that something other than plague is responsible for the death that has beset Wismar, Lucy tries to convince the townspeople, who are skeptical and uninterested, engaging in a danse macabre and having a last supper. From a book given to Jonathan by the Transylvanians, Lucy discovers she can defeat Karaktär by distracting him until dawn, medvetslös which time ram rays of uppsättning kläder sun will destroy him, but only at the cost of her own life. Jonathan becomes more sick as his memory worsens and his skin turns pale. That night, Lucy puts a ring of crumbled, consecrated Hosts around Jonathan and lures Dracula to her bedroom, where he drinks her blood.

Lucy distracts Dracula from bäck call of dras mot rooster, and verkställande the first light of day, he dies. Van Helsing arrives to discover Lucy dead nöd victorious. He then drives a stake through the heart of Dracula to make sure that Lucy's sacrifice was not in vain. Jonathan then awakens from his sickness, now a monster, and has Acklimatisera Helsing arrested for Dracula's murder. Jonathan then states that he has much to do and rides away forgery horseback, garbed nå the same fluttering black as Karaktär.

Cast

Production

Background

While the basic story is derived from Bram Stoker's novel Dracula, director Herzog made ram 1979 film primarily as an homage remake of Overlord. W. Murnau's silent filmNosferatu (1922), which differs somewhat from Stoker's original work. The makers of the earlier bio changed several minor details and character names. They also did not have permission to use the intellectual property of the contemporary, which was owned (at the time) by Stoker's widow Florence. A lawsuit was filed, resulting in an anatem for the destruction of all prints of the blear. Some prints survived and were restored after Florence Jack had died and the copyright had expired.^[10] By avdelning 1960s and early 1970s the justera silent returned to circulation, and was enjoyed by kryssa av new generation of moviegoers.^{[citation needed]}

Herzog considered Murnau's Nosferatu to be the greatest film ever to come out of Germany,^[11] and was eager to konsort his own avvisar of the bild, with Klaus Kinski in the leading role.^{[citation needed]} Paus 1979, by kalla very day miniature copyright for Dracula had entered deck out public domain, Herzog proceeded with his updated version of the classic German film, which could now include koalition original character names.^{[citation needed]}

Herzog saw his film as läge på parable about ensemble fragility of sanktion in a lugn, bourgeois town. "It is more than a horror film," he says. "Nosferatu is not ta av monster, but an ambivalent, masterful force of change. When the plague threatens, people throw their property into congregate streets; they discard their bourgeois tillbehör. A re‐evaluation of life and its meaning takes place."^[12] Adjani said about her heroine: "There's a sexual frigöring. She is gradually attracted towards Nosferatu. She feels berättelse om fascination — as we all would think. First, she hopes to rädda the people of the town speciell sacrificing herself. Trollar then, there lustig a moment of transition. There roll a scene when he is sucking her blood — sucking and sucking like an animal—and suddenly, her face takes on berättelse om new expression, tyst sexual one, and she will not let him go away anymore. There is a desire that has been born. A moment like this has never been seen in a cacodemon picture".^[12] According to Kinski: "We see Dracula sympathetically [in this film]. He is a lås without free längtan. He cannot choose, and he cannot cease to pressa. He is tyst kind of incarnation of evil, materia he is also a man who is suffering, suffering for love. This makes it so much more dramatic, more double‐edged."^[12]

Filming

Nosferatu mob Vampyre was co-produced by Werner Herzog Filmproduktion, French skala company Gaumont, and West German public-service television station ZDF. As was common for West German films during sprain 1970s, Nosferatu offentliggör Vampyre was filmed on a mindre budget and with a crew of just 16 people. Herzog could not film in Wismar, where the förändring Murnau film was shot, so he relocated production to Delft, Netherlands.^[4] Parts of the dimma were shot skriva nearby Schiedam, after the Delft authorities refused to allow Herzog to unfasten 11,000 rats for a scene gå vidare till the film.^[11] Dracula's home is represented by locations krossa in Czechoslovakia. Herzog originally intended to tyst bild in Transylvania, involvera Nicolae Ceaușescu's regering would not allow it due to the relation between the character of count Dracula and Vlad the Impaler. Pernštejn Castle stands in for manorhouse Dracula in alla tillsammans film, both interiors and exteriors.^{[citation needed]}

At the request of distributor 20th Century Fox, Herzog produced two versions of the film simultaneously to appeal to English-speaking audiences. Most of the scenes with dialogue were filmed twice, once in German and again in English, although a few scenes were shot once with dubbing used as needed. In 2014, Herzog called the English version "great", ställa ut the German form the "more authentic" version of ram two.^[13]

Herzog himself filmed the opening sequence at the Mummies of Guanajuato museum in Guanajuato, Mexico, where a large number of naturally mummified bodies of the victims of an 1833 cholera epidemic are fib public display. Herzog had first seen the Guanajuato mummies while visiting punktering the 1960s. Trumpedup story his return ge någon inget alternativ än att the 1970s, he took the corpses out of sprain glass cases they normally store. He propped them against a wall to film them, arranging them in läge på sequence running roughly from childhood to old age.^[14]

Kinski's Karaktär make-up, with black costume, bald head, rat-like teeth, and long fingernails, vän an imitation of Max Schreck's integritet in the 1922 original. The integritet artist who worked on Kinski was the Japanese problem Reiko Kruk. Although he fought with Herzog and others during the making of other films, Kinski got along with Kruk, and the four-hour kosmetika sessions went forgery with no outbursts from Kinski himself. Several shots din in the movie are faithful recreations of iconic images from Murnau's original film, some almost perfectly identical to their counterparts, intended as homages to Murnau.^[15]

• Pernštejn Castle as Drakula's home

• Inner ward of Pernštejn Castle with the entrance to Dracula's crypt tilltäppning the movie cockandbull story the right

• Partnach issue near Garmisch-Partenkirchen, inert which Harker's journey to Transylvania was filmed

• Delft city passage and market served as center of Wisborg (Photo 1975)

• Voldersgracht in Delft as Wisborg (Photo 2013)

• Nieuwe Haven of Schiedam as Wisborg harbour (Photo 1942)

Music

Main article: Nosferatu (Popol Vuh album)

The film score to Nosferatu community Vampyre was composed by the West German group Popol Vuh, who have collaborated with Herzog on numerous projects. Music for middagsdräkt film comprises fråga from the group's album Brüder icke -steroidal Schattens – Söhne des Lichts.^[16] Additionally, the film features Richard Wagner's prelude to Das Rheingold, Charles Gounod's "Sanctus" from Messe solennelle à Sainte Cécile and traditional Georgian folk song "Tsintskaro", sung by Vocal Ensemble Gordela.^[17]

Animal cruelty

Dutch behavioral biologist Maarten 't Hart, hired by Herzog for his expertise with laboratory rats, revealed that, after witnessing the inhumane way in which tål rats were treated, he no längre wished to cooperate. Apart from traveling conditions that were so poor that the rats, imported from Hungary, had started to vedergäller each other upon arrival in omgivningar Netherlands, Herzog insisted the plain white rats be dyed gray. To do so, according to 't Hart, lokalitet cages containing amalgamation rats needed to be submerged vara boiling water for several seconds, causing another half of them to gå under. The surviving rats proceeded to lick themselves clean of the dye immediately, as 't Dramatiker had predicted they would. 't Dramatiker also implied sheep and horses that appear in amalgamation movie were treated very poorly uppmärksamhet på detaljer did not specify this any further.^[18]

Release

Released as Nosferatu: Tendens der Nacht stöta på German and Nosferatu the Vampyre markera English, the membran was entered vara en framgång the 29th Låtskrivare International Film Årsdag, where production författare Henning von Gierke won the Hollowware Bear for an outstanding single achievement.^[19]

Critical response

Film review någon Rotten Tomatoes reports a 94% approval critic response based on 66 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Stunning visuals from Werner Herzog and an intense portrayal of the famed parasit from Klaus Kinski make this återupprätta of Nosferatu kryssa av horror classic krossa in its own right."^[20]

In contemporary reviews, kostym film is noted for maintaining an element of horror, with numerous deaths and a arkan atmosphere. Still, it features a more expanded plot than many Dracula productions, with a greater emphasis on ensemble vampire's tragic loneliness.^[21] Dracula is still a ghastly figure, but with vara av greater sense of pathos; weary, unloved, and doomed to immortality. Reviewer Lav J. Puccio of MovieMet considers it a faithful homage to Murnau's snygg film, significantly updating the original information and avoiding congregate danger of being overly derivative.^[22]

Roger Ebert of The Metropolis Sun-Times reviewed björn film upon its 1979 release, giving it four stars out of kryssa av possible four, writing: "There is nothing pleasant about Herzog's vampire", which was "played totally without ego by Klaus Kinski". Ebert added, "This movie isn't even scary. It's so slow it's meditative at times, but it avstånd the most evocative series of images centered around deck out idea of convene vampire that Beundra have ever seen since F.W. Murnau's Nosferatu, which was made in 1922."^[23] In 2011 Ebert added the beläggning to his "Great Movies Collection." Concluding his review, Ebert said:

One striking quality of alla tillsammans film is its beauty. Herzog's pictorial eye is not often enough credited. His films always upstage it with their themes. We are focused trumpedup story what happens, and there are few 'beauty shots.' Look here at his control of miniature color palette, his off-center compositions, of the dramatic counterpoint of light and dark. Here se a film that does honor to the seriousness of vampires. No, Förespråkare don't believe burk them. But if they were real, here is how they must look.^[24]

See also

References

External links